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在气体力学研究中,不可避免地将引用热力学的基本定律,过去在不少工科著者所用的论述中常将传热量Q和气体所做的功W的微增量写为dQ和dW。但从严格的数学理论而言,这是不正确的表达式。笔者在参与《航空空气动力手册》的编审中曾经提出过此问题,在手册的再版时已经改正为δQ和δW。但此后一些气体力学的著作未能引起注意,仍然习惯地写成dQ和dW。为此,在本文中作一个严格的证明,并提出了热力学空间的概念,以澄清以往的混淆。
In the study of gas mechanics, it is inevitable to quote the basic law of thermodynamics. In the past, the work of many engineering authors used to write dQ and dW as small increments of heat transfer Q and work W of gas. But from the strict mathematical theory, this is not the correct expression. This issue has been raised by the author in the compilation of the Aeronautical Aerodynamics Handbook, which has been corrected to δQ and δW at the reprint of the manual. However, some subsequent writings on gas mechanics failed to draw attention and are still customarily written as dQ and dW. To this end, in this article to make a rigorous proof, and put forward the concept of thermodynamic space to clarify the confusion in the past.