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目的:针对高校高水平运动游泳员体质特征,采用因子分析法对身体形态特征提取共性因子,解释共性因子的含义,分析运动员形态结构,以期有效对赛前训练控制及成绩的预测。方法:于2008年选择广西大学高水平游泳队男队员12名。采用现场调研方式12名运动员身体形态:指距、身高、小腿加足高、手面积、流线型指数、皮脂厚度指数、转子间宽、皮褶厚度等8项指标分析。由SPSS12.0forwindows处理,求出因子特征向量、特征值和贡献率。建立初始因子模型、旋转后的因子模型,了解广西大学身体形态因子结构。结果:①构成游泳运动员形态结构是由3个共性因子构成:即基本形态因子、体型因子、身体成份因子。各因子的权重分别为K1=0.73454、K2=0.10883、K3=0.09773。②身体形态结构因子分析提示要求运动员应具有身高臂长,身体充实度较高,手面积宽大的特点,同时要体现出“倒锥体”形的流线型体征,但对运动员的皮下脂肪含量要求不高。结论:应用因子分析方法对运动员形态结构分析,用较少的综合变量分析,使问题简化,为高校高水平游泳运动提供多元化研究,能有效对赛前训练控制及成绩的预测。
Objective: According to the physical characteristics of high level swimmers in colleges and universities, factor analysis is used to extract the common factors of body shape features, explain the meaning of common factors, and analyze the morphological structure of athletes in order to effectively predict the pre - competition training control and scores. Methods: In 2008, Guangxi University selected a high level swimming team of 12 male players. Body shape of 12 athletes was analyzed by means of on-the-spot investigation: index finger, height, calf height, hand area, streamline index, sebum thickness index, inter-rotor width and skinfold thickness. By SPSS12.0forwindows processing, find the factor eigenvectors, eigenvalues and contribution rate. Establish the initial factor model and the rotated factor model to understand the body factor structure of Guangxi University. Results: ① The structure and structure of swimming athletes is composed of three common factors: the basic form factor, the body factor and the body factor. The weight of each factor is K1 = 0.73454, K2 = 0.10883, K3 = 0.09773 respectively. (2) Analysis of body shape and structure factor suggest that athletes should have the characteristics of high arm length, high body fullness and wide hand area, meanwhile they should reflect the streamlined signs of “inverted cone” shape. However, the subcutaneous fat content Not demanding. Conclusion: Factor analysis is used to analyze the morphological structure of athletes. With less comprehensive variables analysis, the problem is simplified, providing a diversified study of high level swimming in colleges and universities, which can effectively predict the pre-competition training and performance.