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历史叙述的历史性决定了历史小说的时代局限具有普遍性。在谈论历史小说的意义时,应该重视时间的未来指向与作家的生活经验在其虚构与想象中的赋义功能。姚雪垠在创作长篇历史小说《李自成》的过程中,一直努力追求历史叙述的超越价值。晚年他仍然坚守自己的革命信念,但其时间的未来指向已不再是终末论式的线性进化论,而是进化之中有循环,是一种辩证的进化论。姚雪垠以掩映在历史迷雾之中的道义、责任为基准实现了对“明末的历史悲剧”的再审视。从这一角度重读多卷本《李自成》,我们发现它在历史理性中实现了更深层次的统一。
The historicity of historical narratives determines that the historical limitations of historical novels are universal. When talking about the significance of historical novels, we should attach importance to the future orientation of time and the function of the endowment of writers’ life experiences in their imaginations and imagination. Yao Xueyin has been working hard to pursue the transcendental value of historical narration in his creation of the historical novel Li Zicheng. In his later years, he still sticks to his own revolutionary belief. However, the future direction of his time is no longer the linear evolutionism of the final theory. Rather, it has a cycle of evolution and is a dialectical evolution theory. Yao Xueyin reexamined “the historical tragedy of the Ming Dynasty” on the basis of morality and responsibility set in the fog of history. From this perspective to reread the multi-volume “Li Zicheng,” we find it has achieved a deeper level of unity in historical rationality.