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在现代计算机系统中,信息是分别存在快速高价存储器和低速廉价的机械式存储器中。由于廉价的大容量存储器技术的出现,能够设想一个三级存储体系:缓存(Buffer),主存(Memory)和机械式后备存储(Backing Store——后存)。三种存储技术各自的价格和性能,对整个计算机系统性能价格比有影响。事实上,合理选择技术方案和系统结构可以设计出好的存储系统。本文首先叙述在三级存储系统中信息的自动管理,其目的是把常用的信息保持在最快的存储器中,其余的信息则放在慢的存储器中。然后,讨论了在多道程序情况下存储系统的评价,在这里是把为执行每一条指令而全部系统所要花费的钱(美元为单位)作为系统性能价格比的标准。最后,给出二个例子,一个说明在存储体系中的每一级使用的最佳技术方案如何选择。另一个说明性能价格比指标,这是为了要与存储器系统中目前产品做竞争的新的存储技术所必须遇到的指标。
In modern computer systems, information is stored in fast, expensive memories and cheap, inexpensive mechanical memories, respectively. Due to the advent of inexpensive mass storage technology, it is possible to envision a tertiary storage system: Buffer, Memory, and Mechanical Backing Store. The three kinds of storage technology their price and performance, the entire computer system cost performance. In fact, a reasonable choice of technical solutions and system architecture can design a good storage system. This article first describes the automatic management of information in a three-tier storage system, the purpose of which is to keep commonly used information in the fastest memory and the rest in slow memory. Then, the evaluation of storage systems in the case of multiple programs is discussed. Here, the total system cost (in U.S. dollars) spent on each instruction is taken as the standard of system cost performance. Finally, two examples are given, one showing how best to use each level in the storage system. The other illustrates the price / performance ratio, an indicator that must be met in order to be able to meet new storage technologies that compete with the current products in memory systems.