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本文综述了多糖的分离纯化、纯度鉴别及分子量测定的方法。分离法大多采用水提,然后透析除去小分子杂质和蛋白质,加低级醇沉淀即得多糖粗制品。纯化方法:有分部沉淀法、盐析法、金属络合物法、纤维素柱层析法、季胺盐沉淀法、纤维素阴离子交换剂柱层析法、凝胶柱层析法和制备性区域电泳等方法。纯度测定有超离心法、高压电泳法、凝胶层析法及比旋度测定法。分子量测定有动态渗透压法及蒸汽渗透压法、溶液渗透压法、超离心法、粘度法、超过滤法、光散射法和凝胶过滤法。
This article reviews the separation, purification, purity identification and molecular weight determination methods of polysaccharides. Most of the separation method uses water to extract, and then dialysis to remove small molecular impurities and proteins, plus lower alcohol precipitation to obtain crude polysaccharide products. Purification methods: fractional precipitation method, salting out method, metal complex method, cellulose column chromatography, quaternary ammonium salt precipitation method, cellulose anion exchanger chromatography, gel column chromatography and preparation Area electrophoresis and other methods. Purity determination includes ultracentrifugation, high-pressure electrophoresis, gel chromatography, and specific rotation assay. Molecular weight determination includes dynamic osmotic pressure method and vapor osmotic pressure method, solution osmotic pressure method, ultracentrifuge method, viscosity method, ultrafiltration method, light scattering method and gel filtration method.