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[目的]了解温州市龙湾区流动儿童国家免疫规划(national immunization program,NIP)疫苗免疫接种状况,探讨影响流动儿童接种率的因素。[方法]采用PPS抽样方法,抽取30个行政村(居委会),对2009—2011年出生的366名流动儿童,入户调查NIP疫苗免疫接种状况。[结果]流动儿童建预防接种卡率为92.90%,建预防接种证率为99.73%,1剂卡介苗(BCG)、3剂口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV)、3剂白喉-破伤风-百日咳联合疫苗(DTP)、1剂含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)、3剂乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)(以上简称五苗)、1剂流行性乙型脑炎疫苗(JEV)、2剂脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗(MPV)和甲型肝炎疫苗(HepA)基础免疫(初种)接种率,分别为98.09%、95.08%、92.90%、91.53%、95.36%、65.30%、74.74%和61.34%,HepB首针及时接种率为88.52%,BCG疤痕率为96.58%,五苗全程接种率为81.97%;MCV复种接种率为78.87%,DTP、JEV加强免疫接种率分别为68.04%、57.95%。不合格接种发生率为1.91%~42.05%,HepA最高,BCG最低。[结论]BCG、OPV、DTP、MCV、HepB基础免疫(初种)接种率均>90%,其加强免疫(复种)和JEV、MPV、HepA接种率较低,是目前流动儿童管理的薄弱环节。超期接种、未接种或未全程接种是不合格接种的主要原因。
[Objective] To understand the immunization status of the national immunization program (NIP) for migrant children in Longwan District of Wenzhou City and to explore the factors affecting the vaccination rate of migrant children. [Methods] PPS sampling method was used to extract 30 administrative villages (neighborhood committees), 366 floating children born in 2009-2011, home survey NIP vaccine immunization status. [Results] The vaccination card rate for migrant children was 92.90%, the vaccination certificate rate was 99.73%, BCG (1), OPV (oral poliomyelitis) 3, diphtheria-tetanus - Pertussis combination vaccine (DTP), 1 dose of measles vaccine (MCV), 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB), 1 Japanese encephalitis vaccine (JEV), 2 doses of meninges The vaccination rates of basic immunization and initial vaccination of MPV and HepA were 98.09%, 95.08%, 92.90%, 91.53%, 95.36%, 65.30%, 74.74% and 61.34% respectively, HepB first needle timely vaccination rate was 88.52%, BCG scar rate was 96.58%, five seedlings vaccination rate was 81.97%; MCV vaccination rate was 78.87%, DTP, JEV booster vaccination rates were 68.04%, 57.95%. The incidence of unqualified vaccination was 1.91% ~ 42.05%, the highest HepA, the lowest BCG. [Conclusion] The vaccination rates of BCG, OPV, DTP, MCV and HepB were all higher than 90%. The immunization (multiple vaccination) and JEV, MPV and HepA vaccination rates were low, which were the weak links in the management of migrant children . Overdue vaccination, vaccination or not full vaccination is the main reason for unacceptable vaccination.