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地球作为一个高度复杂的非线性系统,各圈层(大气、海洋、陆地、生物、冰雪圈、固体地球)尤其是人类活动等任何组成成份的变化,都会引起地球系统的变化。人类可持续发展面临的巨大科学挑战之一是认识人类赖以生存的、复杂变化的地球系统,认识地球系统如何变化及主要驱动因素,认识地球系统未来变化趋势及如何提高对全球变化的适应能力。卫星独特的全球覆盖和日尺度的观测改变了地球科学的研究方法,它强调所能探测到的多时空尺度上的物理动力过程,在全球范围应对气候变化、能源和环境挑战具有重要作用,揭开了地球系统多学科交叉的新纪元。以地球系统的视野,抓住驱动地球系统的关键循环过程(如能量、水、生物化学循环),是当前地球系统科学的发展趋势。地球系统科学(全球变化)研究需要长期稳定、准确性较高的卫星观测数据,以水循环为例,卫星遥感具备获取全球范围水循环关键参数能力,但是系统性综合观测能力不足,整体精确性受到综合化的可靠空间数据集的限制。目前中国正在积极研制发展新型水循环卫星WCOM(Water Cycle Observation Misssion),并寄希望以此为核心传感器发起全球分布式水循环观测星座系统,进一步提高中国在国际水循环观测与地球系统科学研究方面的话语权与领先能力。
The Earth as a highly complex nonlinear system, changes in any component of the various layers (atmosphere, ocean, terrestrial, biological, cryosphere, solid earth), especially human activities, will cause the Earth’s system to change. One of the major scientific challenges facing humanity’s sustainable development is to recognize the complex and changing Earth system on which mankind lives, recognize how the earth system changes and its main driving forces, understand the future trends of the Earth system and how to improve its adaptability to global changes . The unique global coverage and day-scale observations of satellites have changed the Earth science research methodology by emphasizing the physical-dynamic processes at multiple temporal and spatial scales that can be detected, playing an important role in addressing climate change, energy and environmental challenges on a global scale. Opened a new era of interdisciplinary multidisciplinary Earth system. From the perspective of the Earth system, grasping the key circulation processes (such as energy, water and biochemical cycles) that drive the Earth’s system is the current trend of Earth system science. Earth system science (global change) research requires long-term, high-accuracy satellite observations. Taking the water cycle as an example, satellite remote sensing has the capability of acquiring key parameters of the global water cycle, but the systematic comprehensive observation capability is insufficient and the overall accuracy is integrated Restrictions on a Reliable Spatial Data Set. At present, China is actively developing and developing a new type of water cycle observation satellite (WCOM), and hopes to use it as the core sensor to launch the global distributed water cycle observation constellation system and further improve China’s right of speech in the international water cycle observation and Earth system science research With the leading ability.