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目的了解杭州西溪国家湿地公园(西溪湿地)血吸虫病疫情动态和流行现状。方法根据《浙江省血吸虫病监测点监测方案》要求,2012-2014年对西溪湿地螺情、周边常住居民、流动人口感染状况等进行监测。结果 2012-2014年西溪湿地公园累计查螺12.31 hm2,监测外来植物75 379株,植被4 965 m2,均未发现钉螺。常住居民血检阳性率为0.71%(5/706),流动人员血检阳性率为1.36%(25/1 834),2014年发现1例输入性慢性血吸虫病病例。2013年开展流动人口感染状况和血防知信行专题调查,共调查3 006人,血检阳性率为0.63%(19/3 006);流行区组和非流行区组各调查1 503人,其血检阳性率分别为1.00%(15/1 503)和0.27%(4/1 503),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.41,P<0.05);血检阳性者粪检均为阴性;流动人口对《血吸虫病防治条例》及钉螺相关知识的知晓率均较低。外来钉螺室内模拟存活试验显示,观察3个月和6个月时钉螺存活率分别为58.33%和1.25%。结论西溪湿地适宜钉螺孳生繁殖,当地流动人口中的输入性血吸虫病病例对该地疫情构成了严重威胁。今后应加强钉螺、流动人口监测及健康教育等工作。
Objective To understand the status and prevalence of schistosomiasis in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park (Xixi Wetland). Methods According to the requirements of “Surveillance Program for Schistosomiasis Surveillance Point in Zhejiang Province” from 2012 to 2014, we monitored the spirochetes in Xixi Wetland, the resident population in the surrounding area and the status of floating population infection. Results In 2012 and 2014, Xixi Wetland Park had a total of 12.31 hm2 of snails. 75 379 exotic plants and 4 965 m2 of vegetation were monitored. No snails were found. The positive rate of blood tests for resident residents was 0.71% (5/706), the positive rate of blood tests for migrants was 1.36% (25/1 834). In 2014, 1 case of imported chronic schistosomiasis was found. In 2013, a special survey on the status of floating population and knowledge of blood-borne and AIDS prevention and control was conducted. A total of 3 006 people were investigated, and the positive rate of blood tests was 0.63% (19/3 006). In the endemic and non-endemic areas, The positive rates of positive tests were 1.00% (15/1 503) and 0.27% (4/1 503) respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 6.41, P <0.05) The “schistosomiasis Prevention Regulations” and snail-related knowledge of the awareness rate is low. Simulated survival tests in adventitious snails showed that survival rates of snails were 58.33% and 1.25% at 3 and 6 months respectively. Conclusion The suitable snails breeding in Xixi Wetland and the imported cases of schistosomiasis among the local floating population pose a serious threat to the epidemic. In the future, snails, floating population monitoring and health education should be strengthened.