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针对沙吉海煤矿弱胶结膨胀性软岩巷道开挖后出现冒顶、溃帮和底鼓等严重大变形现象,巷道难以维护的问题,采用X-ray衍射、SEM扫描、物理力学试验和吸水软化试验等方法,研究了弱胶结膨胀性软岩特性;结合现场实际对巷道变形破坏机理进行研究。结果表明:围岩的胶结程度差、膨胀性强、支护强度低,在剧烈开挖扰动作用下传统锚杆索支护与围岩变形不协调,不能充分发挥围岩自身承载能力,是弱胶结膨胀性软岩巷道破坏的主要原因。基于此,采用提高围岩自身承载能力、让压吸能、及时封闭、隔水加固的理念和以恒阻大变形为核心的让压吸能支护原理,提出恒阻大变形锚杆+钢筋网+混凝土喷层+恒阻大变形锚索+底角注浆锚管的支护方案,现场监测表明新支护较好地控制了弱胶结膨胀性围岩变形,应用效果良好。
Aiming at the problems of serious big deformation such as roof fall, collapse and kick drum, and difficult roadway maintenance after the excavation of weakly cohesive expansive soft rock roadway in Shajihai Coal Mine, X-ray diffraction, SEM scanning, physical and mechanical tests and water softening test And other methods to study the weak cement swelling expansive soft rock properties; combined with the actual field of roadway deformation and failure mechanism research. The results show that the surrounding rock has poor cementation, expansibility and low supporting strength. It is not coordinated with the deformation of surrounding rock due to severe excavation and disturbance, and can not fully exert its own bearing capacity, which is weak The main reason for the destruction of cement soft expansive soft rock roadway. Based on this, adopting the concept of increasing the bearing capacity of surrounding rock, letting pressure absorbing, timely sealing, water-proofing and reinforcement, and the principle of pressure-absorbing and energy-absorbing with the core of constant resistance and large deformation, The network + concrete spray + the supporting plan of constant deformation and large deformation anchor cable + bottom corner grouting anchor pipe. The on-site monitoring shows that the new supporter is better able to control the deformation of weakly cemented expansive surrounding rock and the application effect is good.