Artificial tracheal prosthesis is now a challenge to the entire surgical field all over the world. Previously, all kinds of prosthesis were inner stent that could not be integrated with native trachea. Since there is an interface between smooth surface of the prosthesis and living tissues, and the inner side of the prosthesis is not covered with living membrane, infections always happen around the prosthesis. We then developed a new technique, which combined memory-alloy mesh with traditional operative procedures. Memory-alloy mesh is extensible, flexible and can maintain the shape of a tube. It has very good compatibility with tissues and no antigenicity. Thus, it is the most desirable material nowadays that can be found to make the frame of an artificial trachea by using a two-stage approach. That is imbedding a pre-shaped memory-alloy mesh under skin or endothelium (pleura or peritoneum), and then making the sandwich pedicle skin and muscle flap to a pedicled artificial trachea anastomosed with native trachea. After a two-year experimental study, a patient received the artificial trachea replacement on April 18, 2002, with a good result.