作为对人群卫生需要最重要的、最基本的、必不可少的基本药物,其可及性已被认为是基本人权和健康权的一部分。2006年《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》明确提出“建立国家基本药物制度”(EML)。文章通过调查山东省农村居民对基本药物认知情况现状,探求基本药物制度在农村推广的过程中所存在的问题,并提出相应对策。 Accessibility, as the most essential, essential and indispensable essential drug for the health needs of the population, has been considered as a part of the fundamental right to human rights and health. The 2006 “Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Several Major Issues concerning Building a Harmonious Socialist Society” explicitly put forward the “establishment of a national essential drug system” (EML). By investigating the status quo of rural residents’ cognition of essential drugs in Shandong Province, the article explores the problems existing in the process of promoting basic medicines in rural areas and puts forward corresponding countermeasures.