在过去的十年中，对于先天性视盘异常的诊断和处理已经积累了相当多的经验，由于对每种异常的病例都进行了详细的描述，因此诊断标准逐渐明确。先进的无创伤的神经图像处理技术的问世能够更准确地使医生发现和确定一些表现复杂的、与中枢神经系统异常有关的疾病。该综述根据最近的资料严格地检验许多业已确定的有关视盘先天性异常的诊断、评估及治疗。其目的试图排除一些在文献资料中，长期存在的、不准确的概念和对这些异常的病因及其与神经放射学和全身异常有关的模糊认识。 Over the past decade, considerable experience has been accumulated in the diagnosis and management of congenital abnormalities of the optic disc, and diagnostic criteria have become clear as a result of a detailed description of each abnormality. The advent of advanced, noninvasive neuroimaging techniques has enabled doctors to more accurately identify and identify some of the more complicated diseases that are associated with central nervous system abnormalities. Based on recent data, this review critically tests many of the diagnoses, assessments, and treatments for congenital anomalies of the optic disc that have been identified. Its purpose is to exclude some of the long-standing, inaccurate concepts in the literature and to the vague understanding of the causes of these abnormalities and their relevance to neuroradiology and systemic abnormalities.