领导者必须意识到自己的认知偏差, 否则就会过于僵化地看待事物而不可自拔在迅速变动和不确定性剧增的时代, 看似稳健的经营战略可能令人始料不及地急速翻车。比如说,半途杀出的竞争对手挟廉价产品进入市场; 消费者的偏好迅速转向新的技术;国际事件导致关键资源遭受切断。可能令战略受 Leaders must be aware of their own cognitive bias or they will be too rigid to look at things in an era of rapid change and increased uncertainty. Seemingly sound business strategies may surprise the rollovers. For example, a competitor who is halfway to a halt enters the market with cheap products; consumer preferences quickly turn to new technologies; and international events lead to a cut-off of key resources. May make strategy suffer