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目的:探讨高千伏X胸片在接尘工人尘肺病普查诊断中的应用及其治疗方法。方法:选择贵州省某五家煤矿接尘工人为研究对象进行尘肺病普查,采用高千伏X胸片摄影的方法,对照国家尘肺病诊断标准片,根据小阴影的类型、密集度和分布范围进行尘肺病的诊断和分期。采用小容量肺灌洗法对尘肺病患者进行治疗,出现严重并发症者根据病情进行综合性治疗。结果:2583名研究对象中,高千伏X线胸片异常者53例,其中诊断为壹期尘肺病38例,贰期尘肺病14例,叁期尘肺病1例。经小容量肺灌洗治疗后,46例患者临床症状得以缓解或完全消失,FEF50、FEF25和DLCO指标改善,PaO2水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高千伏X线胸部摄影清晰度好,成像稳定,可为诊断和鉴别诊断尘肺病提供重要依据。小容量肺灌洗可延缓病情进展,改善临床症状,疗效令人满意。
Objective: To investigate the application of high kV X-ray in the general diagnosis of pneumoconiosis in workers exposed to dust and its treatment. Methods: The dust-exposed workers in five coal mines in Guizhou Province were selected as the research object to conduct the pneumoconiosis screening. The method of high kV X-ray photography was used to compare the national pneumoconiosis diagnostic criteria tablets. According to the types, concentration and distribution of small shadows, Pneumoconiosis diagnosis and staging. The use of small-capacity lung lavage treatment of pneumoconiosis patients, serious complications were treated according to the condition of a comprehensive. Results: Of the 2583 subjects, 53 were high-kV X-ray abnormalities, of which 38 were pneumoconiosis in the first stage, 14 pneumoconiosis in the second stage and 1 pneumoconiosis in the third stage. After the small volume of lung lavage treatment, the clinical symptoms of 46 patients were relieved or disappeared completely. The indexes of FEF50, FEF25 and DLCO were improved and the level of PaO2 was increased. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: High kV X-ray chest photography has good imaging and stable imaging, which can provide an important basis for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. Small volume of lung lavage can delay the progression of the disease, improve clinical symptoms, the effect is satisfactory.