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基于中国健康与营养调查的农户数据,本文用固定效应估计了公共转移支付和私人转移支付对接受者收入、消费支出的影响,随后,探讨转移支付对贫困、不平等的作用。实证结果显示:公共转移支付对贫困没有影响;私人转移支付有效地减少了贫困,它使贫困发生率下降0.36%～5%;两种转移支付的绝大部分都流向了非贫困家庭,但两种转移支付在贫困者和非贫困者收入中占比有较大不同,私人转移支付增加了不平等,而公共转移支付影响不平等的作用微弱。
Based on the data from China Health and Nutrition Survey, we use the fixed effect to estimate the effect of public transfer payments and private transfer payments on recipients’ income and consumption expenditures. Then we discuss the role of transfer payments on poverty and inequality. Empirical results show that public transfer payment has no effect on poverty; private transfer payment effectively reduces poverty, which reduces the incidence of poverty by 0.36% ~ 5%; most of the two kinds of transfer payments flow to non-poor families, but two While transfer payments account for a large portion of the income of the poor and non-poor, private transfers increase inequality and public transfers have a less effect on inequality.