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目的 采取干预手段转变农村居民对艾滋病病毒 (HIV)感染者和患者 (PLWHAs)歧视态度。 方法 实施多种形式干预比较干预前后的效果。 结果 干预前 50 %的村民不知道HIV的三种传播途径 ,65 %～ 79%不了解非传播途径 ,仅 6 %答对所有问题。面对面访谈发现 ,村民对PLWHAs的歧视态度并不严重 ,可能与实际情况不一致。干预后三种传播途径的正确回答率上升为 81 % ,非传播途径的正确回答率从 1 2 %上升为 45 % ,所有问题均正确回答的上升为 35 %。持各项歧视态度的比例下降 ,持同情帮助的比例上升。Logistic分析提示 ,干预活动对持同情、帮助态度的作用大于文化程度和年龄。 结论 反对歧视PLWHAs活动应从宣传艾滋病预防知识入手 ,在此基础上开展更为细致的反歧视工作
Objectives To adopt interventions to transform rural residents’ discriminatory attitudes towards HIV-infected persons and patients (PLWHAs). Methods Conduct multiple interventions to compare the effects before and after intervention. Results Before the intervention, 50% of the villagers did not know the three transmission routes of HIV, 65% to 79% did not understand the non-transmission routes, and only 6% answered all the questions. Face-to-face interviews revealed that the villagers’ attitude toward PLWHAs is not serious and may not be consistent with the actual situation. After the intervention, the correct response rate for the three transmission routes increased to 81%, the correct response rate for the non-transmission route rose from 12% to 45%, and all questions were correctly answered with an increase of 35%. The proportion of people holding discriminatory attitudes has dropped, and the proportion of people who support sympathy has increased. Logistic analysis suggests that the effect of interventions on sympathy and attitudes is greater than education and age. Conclusion Anti-discrimination PLWHAs activities should be started by publicizing AIDS prevention knowledge, and on this basis, more detailed anti-discrimination work should be carried out.