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日本对未成熟儿的治疗开始于二次大战之后,当时未成熟儿的主要死亡原因是呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)。自新生儿加强护理病房(NICU)开设以来,未成熟儿的死亡率有了明显的改善,人工肺表面活性物质的发明和应用,对未成熟儿的预后开辟了更为光辉的前景。而美国应用氧气疗法却使未成熟儿视网膜病急剧增加。一、早产未成熟新生儿的预后:日本新生儿死亡率从1950年的15.1%降至1985年的2.6%,其预后得到了显著的改善,极小未成熟儿在1975年以后死亡率逐年下降,并达到治疗超未成熟儿的水平。自60年代管理治疗技术确立以来,对1500g以上者的预后无明显影响,而对500g以上者的死亡率则逐年下降,其死亡原因中RDS较畸形的比例高。人工肺表面活性物质应用之后的1987年死亡率反而增加,
Japan’s treatment of immature children began after World War II, when the leading cause of death in immature infants was respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Since the introduction of NICU, there has been a significant improvement in the mortality rate of immature infants. The invention and application of artificial pulmonary surfactant has opened up a bright future for the prognosis of immature infants. The U.S. application of oxygen therapy has dramatically increased the incidence of immature retinopathy. First, the prognosis of immature newborns with premature birth: Japan’s neonatal mortality rate dropped from 15.1% in 1950 to 2.6% in 1985, the prognosis has been significantly improved, the death rate of very young immature children after 1975 decreased year by year , And reached the level of treatment of immature children. Since the establishment of management and treatment techniques in the 1960s, no significant effect on the prognosis of more than 1500g, while the mortality rate of more than 500g decreased year by year, the reasons for the death of RDS more than a high proportion of deformities. In 1987, the mortality rate of artificial pulmonary surfactant increased instead,