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多年冻土地区不良工程地质现象,主要是由于地下水的存在而造成的,在所有不良工程地质现象中,尤以冰椎、冰丘对铁路建筑物造成的破坏最为严重。本文在总结三十多年来在东北大、小兴安岭多年冻土地区修建了两千多公里铁路的经验基础上,列举了冰椎,冰丘对铁路工程造成的病害情况;分析了冰椎、冰丘的成因类型、形成条件和分布规律;总结了如何防治冰椎、冰丘对铁路建筑物造成的病害经验;最后对冰稚、冰丘地区如何开展铁路工程地质勘查工作提出了建议。
The adverse engineering geology in permafrost regions is mainly caused by the existence of groundwater. Among all the bad engineering geological phenomena, the damage caused by ice spars and ice hills to railway structures is the most serious. Based on the experience of more than 2000 kilometers of railway construction in permafrost areas in Northeast China and Xiaoxing’an Mountains over the past three decades, the paper lists the disease conditions caused by the ice and the ice hut on railway projects. The types, formation conditions and distribution of the mounds were summarized. The experiences on how to prevent and cure the disease caused by the ice and the ice mounds on railway structures were summarized. Finally, some suggestions were put forward on how to carry out the railway engineering geological prospecting in the ice-napping areas.