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基于近代化的需求,清末中国开始了铁路建设。商办铁路借收回利权而兴起,成于实业救国之潮流,但川汉等商办铁路历经数年仍未开工建造,并在清朝最后数年的商办期间表现出种种弊端,使得商办铁路成功的希望渺茫。在资金筹集上来源的单一,资金管理上士绅化带来的混乱以及企业内部“官本位”的始终存在,最终导致铁路“商办”政策的失败,反映了清末时期政府经济职能和体制的存在问题,同时也体现了这一时期企业制度的特点。
Based on the needs of modernization, China began railway construction in the late Qing Dynasty. The rise of commercial railway by borrowing and repaying profits was the tide of saving the country by industry. However, the construction of commercial railways such as the Chuan-Han Railway was still under construction for several years and showed various shortcomings during the commercial operation in the last few years of the Qing Dynasty. As a result, The hope of success is slim. The single source of fund-raising, the chaos caused by the gentrification of fund management and the constant existence of “official status” within the enterprise finally led to the failure of the railway “commercial and commercial” policy, which reflected the economic functions of the government in the late Qing Dynasty And the existence of the system, but also reflects the characteristics of the enterprise system during this period.