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南海琼东南盆地为典型的高温超压盆地,在中深层高温超压地层中发育多个大型勘探目标,是中国南海勘探主战场.琼东南盆地存在多种超压成因,使得不同构造位置的压力结构不同,不同的压力结构其压力成因存在差异,并且压力结构与油气的成藏也具有非常密切的关系,而且地层压力结构与钻井安全息息相关.为了提高压力预测精度和钻井安全,研究琼东南高压盆地压力结构与油气成藏关系是十分有意义的.快速沉积的欠压实泥岩排水不畅是超压的主要成因,同时还存在断裂系统泄压、大型沉积体疏导泄压和侧向砂体传递增压等多种成因.本文首先总结不同位置的压力结构,其次分析不同压力结构的成因,最后在超压与油气聚集分析的基础上,总结超压与油气聚集成藏的关系,分析认为崖城凸起砂体泄压型低压带和大崖城区异常高压带是琼东南盆地最有利的勘探区带.
The Qiongdongnan Basin in South China Sea is a typical high-temperature overpressure basin with multiple large-scale exploration targets in the middle-deep high-temperature overpressure strata, and is the main battlefield for exploration in the South China Sea. There are many genesis of overpressure in the Qiongdongnan basin, Different pressure structures have different pressure genesis, and the pressure structure is closely related to the hydrocarbon accumulation. Moreover, the formation pressure structure is closely related to the drilling safety.In order to improve the pressure prediction accuracy and drilling safety, The relationship between pressure structure and hydrocarbon accumulation in the basin is of great significance. The poor drainage of rapidly-deposited undercompacted muddy rock is the main cause of overpressure. At the same time, there are still some problems such as the pressure relief of the fracture system, the drainage and pressure relief of large sedimentary bodies and the lateral sand bodies And then the supercharging pressure and other causes of pressure accumulation are analyzed.This paper first summarizes the pressure structures at different positions and then analyzes the causes of different pressure structures. Finally, on the basis of overpressure and hydrocarbon accumulation analysis, summarizes the relationship between overpressure and hydrocarbon accumulation and accumulation. The Yacheng raised sand body pressure relief type low pressure belt and the Yacheng high pressure belt are the most favorable exploration zones in Qiongdongnan basin .