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目的对浙江省庆元县鼠疫历史疫区疫源地进行流行病学基础性研究,为有效地预防控制鼠疫提供参考依据。方法采用现场调查鼠疫标志性动物鼠类和媒介蚤类的组成与分布情况;应用病原学、血清学与气候地理环境等进行流行病学研究分析。结果室内优势鼠种为褐家鼠、黄胸鼠和小家鼠,密度分别为2.57%、1.54%和0.07%,室外优势鼠种为黄毛鼠、黑线姬鼠和东方田鼠,密度分别为4.67%、0.74%和0.62%;媒介主要为印鼠客蚤、缓慢细蚤与不等单蚤,所占比例分别为40.33%、28.85%和25.57%,染蚤率为9.82%,蚤指数为0.28;鼠疫病原学和血清学检测均为阴性。结论庆元县鼠疫历史疫区内气候与地理环境等,适宜致病动物鼠类与媒介蚤类生长繁殖。目前处于鼠疫流行静息期。但是,主要宿主动物黄胸鼠密度和主要媒介印鼠客蚤的指数较高,鼠疫自然疫源地有多元性变化,新的生物群链似有建立倾向,鼠疫疫源地复燃的危险性依然存在。要引起足够的重视,更要加强深入调查研究。
Objective To study the epidemiological basis of the epidemic areas of plague in Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province in order to provide a reference for the effective prevention and control of plague. Methods The composition and distribution of rodents and vector fleas in the plague were investigated on the spot. Epidemiological analysis was conducted using etiology, serology and climatic geography. Results The indoor dominant mice were Rattus norvegicus, Rattus flavipectus and Mus musculus, with the density of 2.57%, 1.54% and 0.07%, respectively. The outdoor predominant species were Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius and Microtus fortis with the density of 4.67%, 0.74% and 0.62%, respectively. The media mainly consisted of fleas, slow flea and single flea, which accounted for 40.33%, 28.85% and 25.57% respectively, the flea flea rate was 9.82% 0.28; plague etiology and serological tests were negative. Conclusions Qingyuan plague epidemic area within the epidemic climate and geographical environment, suitable for pathogenic animals and media flea growth and reproduction. Currently in the plague epidemic rest period. However, the density of the main host animals, Rattus flavipectus, and the prevalence index of the main vector rodent flea are high. The natural foci of the plague are characterized by multiple changes. The new biochain chain appears to be prone to be established and the risk of the plague origin flashback Still exist. To cause enough attention, but also to strengthen in-depth investigation and research.