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黄河源区地处青藏高原腹地,其独特的自然环境对青藏高原及整个黄河流域具有深刻的影响。本文在对黄河源区土地生态分类的基础上,利用1991年、2005年两期TM遥感数据的对比和野外实地调查,采用景观生态空间分布格局分析方法,从分布面积变化和类型转移趋向与幅度两个方面,分析黄河源区土地生态系统的空间分布变化与格局,结果表明:黄河源区自然条件严酷,生态环境不断恶化。造成黄河源区生态环境恶化的因素是多方面的,其中自然因素即全球气候干旱化的趋势,加上鼠害猖獗、不合理的人类活动等因素局部加剧了环境恶化的进程。在此基础上,提出黄河源区生态环境保护与建设的对策,采取科学措施保护和改善生态环境、维持生态平衡,以促进区域可持续发展。
The Yellow River source area is located in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, its unique natural environment has a profound impact on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the entire Yellow River basin. Based on the classification of the land in the Yellow River source area and using the comparison of TM remote sensing data from 1991 and 2005 and the field survey in the field, using the landscape ecological spatial distribution pattern analysis method, from the distribution area change and type transfer trend and amplitude In two aspects, the paper analyzes the spatial distribution and pattern of land ecosystem in the source region of the Yellow River. The results show that the natural conditions in the source region of the Yellow River are harsh and the ecological environment is deteriorating. There are many factors contributing to the deterioration of the ecological environment in the source areas of the Yellow River. Natural factors such as the global climate aridification, rampant rodent infestation and unreasonable human activities have exacerbated the process of environmental degradation. On this basis, the countermeasures for ecological environment protection and construction in the source region of the Yellow River are proposed, and scientific measures are taken to protect and improve the ecological environment and maintain the ecological balance so as to promote the sustainable development of the region.