目的调查西部山区农村学龄儿童跌落伤发生的情况、分析影响因素,为开展儿童跌落伤防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,调查获得跌落伤的相关信息。结果抽取遵义市农村学龄儿童共2 854名(男1 437,女1 417),跌落伤年发生率为6.2%(178例),占伤害总人数的37.3%,且年龄差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。跌落伤发生地点以家里(37.1%)和学校(29.2%)为主;伤害多在玩耍时发生(41.6%);伤害部位以四肢(72.4%)为主,而跌落伤预防相关知识平均掌握率为79.0%。结论遵义市农村学龄儿童跌落伤发生率较高,是意外伤害的首位原因,且伤害预防相关知识仍不足,提示要全社会共同努力,创建安全环境,切实降低学龄儿童跌落伤的发生率。 Objective To investigate the incidence of falls in rural school-age children in western mountainous areas and analyze the influencing factors to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of falls in children. Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to investigate the related information about fall injury. Results A total of 2 854 school-age children (1 437 males and 1 417 females) were collected from rural areas of Zunyi City. The incidence of fall injuries was 6.2% (178 cases), accounting for 37.3% of the total number of injuries and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.001). The incidence of falls was mainly in the home (37.1%) and in schools (29.2%); the injuries were mostly occurred in play (41.6%); the injuries were mainly in limbs (72.4%), while the fall prevention was related to the average mastery of knowledge 79.0%. Conclusion The high incidence of falls in rural school-age children in Zunyi City is the first cause of accidental injuries and the knowledge about injury prevention is still insufficient. It is suggested that the whole society should work together to create a safe environment and effectively reduce the incidence of falls among school-age children.