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目的了解甲基叔丁基醚 (MTBE)无铅汽油的基本毒性 ,为职业及环境污染危害寻找有价值的健康监护指标。方法 大、小鼠经口、呼吸道染毒 ,兔经皮染毒 ,求半数致死量 (LD50 、LC50 ) ;采用定期递增剂量法进行小鼠蓄积毒性实验 ,大鼠经呼吸道静式染毒研究其亚慢性毒性。结果 大、小鼠经口LD50 分别为 15 730、15 86 0mg/kg·bw ;经呼吸道LC50 分别为 12 35 0 0、114380mg/m3 :兔经皮LD50 >5 0 0 0mg/kg·bw ;小鼠蓄积系数K >5LC50 ;亚慢性毒性试验中血常规未见异常 ;高、中剂量组的谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)高于低剂量组 ,差别有显著性 ;MTBE无铅防爆汽油 3个剂量组的免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量均低于汽油染毒组和对照组 ,差别有统计学意义 ;MTBE无铅汽油 3个剂量组及汽油组肝脏、肾脏的脏器系数与对照组相比差异有显著性 ,汽油组肺的脏器系数与对照组相比差别有统计学意义 ,病理切片显示MTBE无铅汽油引起肝细胞透明变性和肾近曲小管上皮细胞变性及肾近曲小管蛋白管型。结论MTEB无铅汽油属微毒类、轻度蓄积物质 ,对动物的肝脏、肾脏及免疫功能有一定的损害作用。
Objective To understand the basic toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) unleaded gasoline and to find valuable health monitoring indicators for the hazards of occupational and environmental pollution. Methods Large, mouse oral and respiratory tract exposure, rabbit transdermal drug exposure, and seek the median lethal dose (LD50, LC50); using regular incremental dose method for mice accumulative toxicity test, the rats were exposed to static respiratory tract Chronic toxicity. Results Large, the mice oral LD50 were 15 730,15 86 0mg / kg · bw; the respiratory tract LC50 were 12 35 0 0,114 438mg / m3: Rabbit percutaneous LD50> 500 mg / kg bw Small Rats accumulated coefficient K> 5LC50; sub-chronic toxicity test blood no abnormalities; high and medium dose group of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) higher than the low dose group, the difference was significant; MTBE lead-free anti-explosive gasoline 3 dose group (IgA) of gasoline were lower than that of gasoline and control group, the difference was statistically significant; the organ coefficient of liver and kidney in MTBE unleaded gasoline 3 groups and gasoline group was significantly lower than that in control group There was significant difference in the lung organ coefficient between the gasoline group and the control group, the difference was statistically significant. The pathological sections showed that the MTBE unleaded gasoline caused the degeneration of hepatocytes and the degeneration of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells and renal proximal tubule protein tube . Conclusion The MTEB unleaded petrol is a micro-toxic and slightly accumulating substance that has certain damage on the liver, kidney and immune function of animals.