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趋向动词“下来”、“下去”在功能和意义上有很多相似之处,但各自也有不同的特点。根据语料库统计,“下来”主要表示空间意义,占语料的72.56%;“下去”主要表示时间意义,占语料的49.5%。二者不能互换使用时,“下来”凸显终点,“下去”强调终点不可见或难以确定。二者不宜互换使用时,“下来”空间上立足终点,时间上表示已然;“下去”空间上立足起点,时间上表示未然。二者可以互换使用时,语义上具有弱空间性,或者是与“了、被、以后”等句法标记连用。认知上,“下来”与“有界”相关,“下去”与“无界”相联系,同时也反映出主观识解和人类经验在认知参照点构建过程中的重要作用。
Trend verbs “down ”, “go ” in the function and meaning there are many similarities, but each also has different characteristics. According to corpus statistics, “down ” mainly represents spatial meaning, accounting for 72.56% of the corpus; “go” mainly means time meaning, accounting for 49.5% of the corpus. When the two can not be used interchangeably, “down ” highlights the ending point, “go” emphasizes that the ending point is not visible or difficult to determine. The two should not be used interchangeably, “down ” based on the end of space, said the time already; “go ” space based on the starting point, said time. When the two are used interchangeably, they are semantically weakly space-bound or used with other syntactic markers such as “, after, after,” and so on. Cognitively, “down ” is related to “bounded ”, “go ” is related to “unbounded ”, and it also reflects that subjective knowledge and human experience are not only in the cognitive reference point construction process The important role.