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士商融合是明中叶以降士商关系走向中的一个突出现象,“儒贾相通”的观念应之而生,其内涵既肯定了商业开展的社会效益,又为双方对流互动提供了思想依据。大体说来,明代商人能够根据个人、家庭的客观条件或现实需要,在业儒与服贾间适当取舍,并在儒贾兼济的社会实践中培养起兴家利族的人生信条。很多商人还遵循儒家理念行事,积极参与国家和地方事务。正是基于这种儒家价值取向及对公共事务的广泛参与,明代商人的角色职能才得以充分展现,进而与士绅阶层一道发挥更大的社会作用。就此意义看,明代商人、商业同当时国家体制存在较大契合性,士与商的日益融合亦隐然显露出社会权力结构渐次向“绅商”共同支配体系演进的倾向。
The integration of business and industry is a prominent phenomenon in the middle of the Ming dynasty. The concept of “intercommunication between Confucianism and Jia” should come into being. Its connotation not only affirms the social benefits of commercial development but also provides ideas for the interaction between the two parties in accordance with. Generally speaking, in the Ming Dynasty, the merchants were able to appropriately choose between Confucianism and serving according to the objective conditions or actual needs of individuals and families, and fostered the life credo of Hsingjali people in the social practice of combining Confucianism, JIA and supporting economy. Many businessmen also follow the Confucian philosophy and actively participate in state and local affairs. It is precisely because of this Confucian value orientation and its extensive participation in public affairs that the role and functions of the merchants in the Ming Dynasty were fully demonstrated and further played a greater social role with the gentry class. In this sense, there is a great fit between businessmen and commerce in the Ming Dynasty and the national system of the time, and the increasingly integration of business and business also reveals a tendency that the structure of social power gradually evolves to the common control system of “gentry and merchants ”.