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一怎样区分不同的语言和同一种语言里的不同方言?一般的说法是,完全不能通话的是两种语言,基本上能够通话的是一种语言的两种方言。如果依照这个标准,福建话、广东话、上海话就属不同的语言。我们认为这三种彼此几乎完全不能通话的语言,是汉语的不同方言,因为他们有共同承认的标准语——官话,且这一标准语有统一的书面形式——文言,而官话和文言都是在漫长的历史中逐渐形成的。这种状况,不仅汉语当中有,西方语言中也有。吕叔湘举过两个欧洲的例子,在德国和荷兰交界的地方,两边的居民基本上可以通话,
How to distinguish between different languages and different dialects in the same language? Generally speaking, there are two languages that can not talk at all, and two dialects of one language are basically able to communicate. If according to this standard, Fujian dialect, Cantonese, Shanghainese is a different language. We think these three languages, which are almost totally out of reach with each other, are different dialects of Chinese because they have a common standard of recognition - Mandarin, and this standard language has a unified written form - classical, while both Mandarin and classical In the long history of the gradual formation. This situation, not only in Chinese, but also in Western languages. Lu Shuxiang cited two examples of Europe, where Germany and the Netherlands at the junction of residents on both sides can basically talk,