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1 前言机械锚固顶板的锚杆自1947年引进以来已广泛地应用于采矿工业中。1989年估计指出,8500万紧固装置和约4900万锚杆装置仍靠应用拉应力来完成为维护稳定巷道所需的加固。每年使用的锚杆近8500万。最为广泛使用的是树脂锚头加固锚杆,其次是标准机械顶板锚杆、特制锚杆(机械锚杆和树脂强化锚杆)以及组合锚杆。后张力树脂锚杆、组合系统和摩擦铆管仅为使用的锚杆装置的10％(图1)。
1 Introduction Mechanical anchoring roof bolt since its introduction in 1947 has been widely used in mining industry. The 1989 estimate indicates that the 85 million and about 49 million bolting devices still rely on the application of tensile stress to complete the reinforcement required to maintain a stable roadway. Nearly 85 million bolts are used each year. The most widely used are resin anchors, followed by standard mechanical roof anchors, custom anchors (mechanical anchors and resin reinforced anchors), and composite anchors. The post-tensioned resin anchor, combination system and friction rivet are only 10% of the bolting devices used (Figure 1).