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为研究秸秆还田和绿肥种植对稻田土壤理化性状及产量的影响,2010~2013年,在福建省的25个县开展了定位监测试验。试验结果表明,秸秆还田处理和绿肥种植处理对后季水稻的增产效果均达到了极显著水平,增幅都在20%以内。与基础土壤及对照处理相比,绿肥种植处理在土壤有机质、容重、全氮、全钾、有效磷、速效钾、CEC、pH等方面的效果均优于秸秆还田处理,特别是土壤全氮、全钾和pH明显优于秸秆还田处理,而在全磷、缓效钾等方面的效果不如秸秆还田处理;秸秆还田处理可使土壤有机质、速效钾等增幅达到10%以上,绿肥种植处理可使土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、CEC等增幅达到10%以上。福建稻田秸秆还田和绿肥种植对土壤肥力及生产力提升明显,值得大面积推广,特别是绿肥种植效果优于秸秆还田的效果。
In order to study the effect of straw returning and green manure planting on soil physical and chemical properties and yield of paddy field, from 2010 to 2013, positioning monitoring tests were carried out in 25 counties of Fujian Province. The results showed that straw returning and green manure planting increased the yield of late rice all reached the extremely significant level, the increment was within 20%. The effect of green manure planting on soil organic matter, bulk density, total nitrogen, total potassium, available phosphorus, available potassium, CEC, pH and so on was better than that of straw returning, especially soil total nitrogen , Total potassium and pH were significantly better than straw returning treatment, while the effect of total phosphorus and slow-acting potassium was not as good as that of straw returning. The straw returning treatment could increase soil organic matter and available potassium up to 10% Planting treatment can increase soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, CEC and other 10%. Fujian paddy field straw and green manure on soil fertility and productivity increase significantly, it is worth promoting a large area, especially green manure planting effect is better than straw.