The water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte, poly[3-(1′-ethyloxy-2′-N- methylimidazole) thiophene] (PEOIMT), was prepared. Its photophysical and electrochemical properties, and response characteristics to the external condition (e g, temperature response, solvent response and pH response), were investigated. The results show the PEOIMT belongs to the organic semiconductor. The interaction between the PEOIMT and the bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy. It was found that the PEOIMT could interact with the BSA. The PEOIMT can be used as a biosensor to detect the BSA.