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中国生态文明建设采取的是以政府为主导,自上而下地推动的典型模式。这种模式具有诸多优点,但也存在效率不高等问题,根本原因之一是当前地方政府在生态文明建设中面临多重职能困境,包括职能缺失、职能逃避、职能冲突、职能歧视和职能偏废等五大问题。地方政府职能结构应从政治、经济、社会的三维结构向包含生态职能和文化职能的五维结构转变。职能转变的制度因应包括:建立健全生态财政制度,推动地方政府政绩考核制度改革,健全地方政府生态问责制度和推动生态民主决策与公众参与制度的发展。
The construction of ecological civilization in China adopts a typical model driven by the government and promoted from top to bottom. This model has many advantages, but there are also some problems such as inefficiency. One of the fundamental reasons is that the current local governments are faced with multiple functional difficulties in the construction of ecological civilization, including the lack of functions, functions to evade, functional conflicts, functional discrimination and partial functions of waste problem. The functional structure of local government should shift from the three-dimensional structure of politics, economy and society to the five-dimensional structure including ecological functions and cultural functions. The system of functional transformation should include: establishing and improving the ecological finance system, promoting the reform of local government performance appraisal system, perfecting the local government’s ecological accountability system and promoting the development of ecological democratic decision-making and public participation system.