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众所周知,速度方程的确定是反应动力学的重要课题,其中的关键是确定反应级数。在确定反应级数的诸方法中,试差法长期被认为是笨拙而粗糙的方法。一些中外作者过去对试差法的评价为“方法繁杂,……不同级数往往难以区分。试差法一般适用于整数级”。“由于难于判断哪种关系图最接近于直线,因此使用试差法有很大的危险性,常常会得到错误的级数……”。然而,电子计算机的应用,使试差法面目一新。由于计算机运算快速可靠,且避去了人工作图、二次作图,目测渎图等过程,故它比微分法,半衰期法、坡威(Powell)作图法等快速准确。微机辅助试差法将优于确定反应级数的其它方法。
It is well-known that the determination of the velocity equation is an important issue in the reaction kinetics. The key point is to determine the reaction order. In the methods of determining the order of reaction, the test of difference method has long been considered a clumsy and crude method. In the past, some Chinese and foreign authors evaluated the trial-and-error method as “the method is complex, ... the different grades are often indistinguishable, and the trial-and-error method generally applies to whole numbers.” “Because it’s hard to tell which graph is closest to a straight line, there’s a lot of danger with the trial and error method, and often the wrong order ...”. However, the application of electronic computers makes the test method a new one. It is faster and more accurate than differential method, half-life method and Powell mapping method because it is fast and reliable and avoids the process of human work, secondary mapping and visual inspection. Computer-aided trial and error method will be better than other methods to determine the reaction series.