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胚胎干细胞是产生并分布在人体许多器官的多潜能子代干细胞,后者即成体干细胞,是维持组织平衡、细胞更新和修复损伤的先决条件。干细胞的数量、分裂、增殖、分化等是干细胞内因素和周围的微环境提供的胞外因素所共同调控的,这种干细胞的微环境,被称为干细胞龛位。龛位不仅是干细胞生理所在的位置,当干细胞被移出正常的细胞微环境时,干细胞丧失自我更新的潜力,也是来自微环境的信号能够直接决定干细胞子代的命运。笔者就干细胞龛位调控皮肤上皮干细胞增殖分化及皮肤老化的机制进行综述。
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent daughter stem cells that are produced and distributed in many organs of the body. The latter, adult somatic stem cells, are prerequisites for maintaining tissue balance, cell renewal and repair of damage. The number of stem cells, division, proliferation, differentiation and so on are all regulated by the intracellular factors and the extracellular factors provided by the surrounding microenvironment. The microenvironment of such stem cells is called the niche of stem cells. Niches are not only where stem cell physiology is located, but stem cells lose the potential for self-renewal when stem cells are removed from the normal cellular microenvironment, and signals from the microenvironment directly determine the fate of stem cell progeny. The author reviews the mechanism of stem cell niche regulating skin epithelial stem cell proliferation and differentiation and skin aging.