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有机质在自然界(大气圈、水圈、地壳等)中分布十分普遍。有机地球化学是研究地质体内有机质的组成、结构、性质和它们在地球史中时间、空间上的分布、演化规律的一门科学。有机质的演化直接影响到大气圈、水圈、地壳能量的演化。由于有机质参与地质作用影响到元素分散和富集。有机质是组成可燃性矿产的物质基础,象石油、煤、油页岩等。有机质对沉积放射性铀矿床、沉积有色金属(铜、钴、镍、钒等等)矿床的形成以及对稀有、分散、放射性元素的表生地球化学循环起着重要作用。
The distribution of organic matter in nature (atmosphere, hydrosphere, crust, etc.) is very common. Organic geochemistry is a science to study the composition, structure and properties of organic matter in geologic bodies and their distribution in time and space in the history of the earth. The evolution of organic matter directly affects the evolution of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and crustal energy. As the organic matter involved in the geological effects of elemental dispersion and enrichment. Organic matter is the material basis of the combustible minerals, such as petroleum, coal, oil shale and so on. Organic matter plays an important role in depositing radioactive uranium deposits, depositing non-ferrous metal (copper, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, etc.) deposits and epigenetic geochemical cycles of rare, dispersive, and radioactive elements.