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一、青年、地位不确定性与基本的社会定位过程把青年期作为一个不同领域里的垂直流动持续不断的地位转换时期,是研究青年的方法之一。那种流动常常能产生出意义深远的结果来。在成就取向至上的现代社会里,青年与基本的“社会定位过程”紧密地联系在一起(kreutz,1974),这一过程意味着成人的职业性地位被更年轻的一代所继承或所占有。青年期具有两个特征:一是代际向上流动的希望;一是向下流动的危险性。在诸如教育、专业或职业、收入之类的具有社会学意义的、传统的地位方面,更是如此。出于对成就取向至上的社会的理想化自我认定,社区的社会分层的形成所依据的,不是既定的社会出身,而是个人的成就。
I. Youth, Status Uncertainty and Basic Social Orientation The adolescent period, as a continuous transitional period of vertical mobility in different fields, is one of the ways to study youth. That kind of flow often produces far-reaching results. In modern-oriented societies where attainments are paramount, youth are closely linked to the basic “social positioning process” (kreutz, 1974), a process that means that adult occupational status is inherited or shared by a younger generation. Adolescence has two characteristics: one is the hope of upward mobility from generation to generation; the other is the danger of downward mobility. This is even more so in sociologically significant and traditional positions such as education, profession or occupation, and income. Out of the idealistic self-determination of the social orientation of achievement orientation, the social stratification of the community is based on not the established social origin but the individual achievements.