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人们在日语文献、资料当中常可见到一些文语残留现象。初学者甚至具有一定日语水平的人遇到这类现象也往往感到棘手。譬如:‘ず’、‘ぬ’、‘ね’,哪个是基本形,哪个是活用形,是何种活用,在现代日语中作何解释等等。作者在教学中常遇到这类质疑。因此,本文就几种常见现象作一介绍。一、否定助动词‘ず’、‘ざり’‘ず’和‘ざり’都接在用言和助动词下,表示对动作或状态、性质等的否定。相当于现代日语的‘ない’。
People in the Japanese literature, information can often be found in some language residual phenomenon. It is often tricky for beginners and even some Japanese speakers to experience such phenomena. For example: ’ず’, ’ぬ’, ’ね’, which is the basic form, which is the active form, what kind of utilization, in modern Japanese to explain why and so on. The author often encountered such challenges in teaching. Therefore, this article introduces several common phenomena. First, the negative auxiliary verbs ’ず’, ’ざ り’ ’ず’ and ’ざ ri’ are connected with the utterance and auxiliary verbs, indicating the action or status, nature and so on. The equivalent of modern Japanese ’na い’.