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目的了解学龄前儿童膳食中营养素摄入状况,探讨钙摄入量与生长发育的关系。方法在武汉市中心城区三餐制示范性幼儿园中随机抽取16所幼儿园儿童5 664名作为研究对象,回顾性调查前3个月的膳食钙摄入量及其他重要营养素摄入量,测量儿童身高、体重,分析钙摄入量与身高、体重五级评价分布关系;采用前瞻性调查分析方法将其中4所低钙摄入量幼儿园分为实验组(113人)和对照组(121人),干预研究1 a后,比较两组膳食中钙摄入量水平以及儿童身高、体重年增长平均值。结果 16所幼儿园横断面现场调查表明,按照我国制定的推荐摄入量RNI标准,幼儿膳食中蛋白质、能量、铁、锌摄入量符合标准,钙摄入量较低(41.9%~81.0%);膳食中钙摄人量占RNI比例<50%组与≥80%组中儿童身高五级评价分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。干预后,实验组与对照组儿童平均身高增长值分别为(7.25±0.96),(5.69±0.85)cm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),实验组钙摄入水平明显提高。结论膳食中长期严重缺钙可影响儿童体格发育,并使身高生长速率减缓。幼儿园儿童膳食中钙的摄人量应达到标准供给量80%以上。
Objective To understand the dietary nutrient intake of preschool children, to explore the relationship between calcium intake and growth and development. Methods A total of 5664 kindergarten children were randomly selected from the three-meal model kindergarten in the downtown area of Wuhan City. The dietary calcium intake and other important nutrient intake in the first 3 months were retrospectively surveyed to measure the height , Body weight, analysis of calcium intake and height, weight five rating distribution; using prospective investigation and analysis of four low-calcium intake kindergarten were divided into experimental group (113) and control group (121) After interventional study for 1 year, the dietary intake of calcium and the average annual growth of height and weight of children were compared. Results The cross-sectional field survey of 16 kindergartens showed that according to the RNI standard recommended by our country, the intake of protein, energy, iron and zinc in children’s meals met the standard and the calcium intake was low (41.9% -81.0%), ; Dietary calcium intake accounted for RNI ratio <50% group and> 80% group height distribution of children with five grades were statistically significant (P <0.01). After intervention, the average growth height of children in experimental group and control group were (7.25 ± 0.96) and (5.69 ± 0.85) cm respectively, with significant difference (P <0.05). The calcium intake of experimental group was significantly increased. Conclusion The diet of medium and long-term severe calcium deficiency can affect children’s physical development, and slow down the rate of height growth. Kindergarten children’s diet intake of calcium should meet the standard supply of more than 80%.