基于土-水-电解质系统的双电层理论,对48组土样的物理化学及矿物学性质与分散性之间的关系进行了研究,并结合试验验证和工程实例分析,提出黏性土的分散机理。研究表明,黏性土产生分散性的影响因素包括黏粒含量、黏土矿物成分、有机质、钠离子和pH值;但是,决定土体分散性的本质因素则在于介质环境中的钠离子和pH值。土体黏土矿物不论是以蒙脱石还是以伊利石为主,只要土体中含有较多的钠离子和酸碱度呈强碱性,土体就会产生分散性,而且这两个因素缺一不可。 Based on the theory of electric double layer of soil-water-electrolyte system, the relationship between physicochemical and mineralogical properties and dispersibility of 48 soil samples was studied. Combining with experimental verification and engineering example analysis, the relationship between cohesive soil Dispersion mechanism. The research shows that the influencing factors of the dispersivity of clay include clay content, clay mineral composition, organic matter, sodium ion and pH value; however, the essential factors that determine the dispersion of soil are the sodium ion in the media environment and the pH value . Soil clay minerals, whether montmorillonite or illite-based, as long as the soil contains more sodium ions and pH is alkaline, soil will have a dispersion, and these two factors are indispensable .