周作人是“五四”新文学时期最有影响的理论先导,同时也是中国儿童文学的理论奠基者。他的新文学理论和儿童文学理论在这一时期文学现代化进程中格外耀眼,是新文学初期理论建设成果的有机部分。本文试将周作人儿童文学观的产生、发展置于宏观的新文学“现代化”视野中,浅谈两者之间的相互影响和作用关系。 Zhou Zuoren is the most influential theoretical leader in the “May Fourth” New Literature period, and is also the founder of the theory of Chinese children’s literature. His new literature theory and children’s literature theory are particularly dazzling in the process of literature modernization in this period, which is an organic part of the theoretical construction of the early New Literature. This paper tries to put the emergence and development of Zhou Zuoren’s viewpoints of children’s literature in the macro new literature “modernization ” field of vision, talking about the mutual influence and the relationship between the two.