1.前言能源对人类社会活动来说是最重要的因素。它受热力学定律的限制,因而不能被有效代替。我国(日本——以下同)的能源消耗量随着国民生产总值的增长而急剧增加,回忆一下过去,换算成石油如表1所示。而且在世界上也可以看到能源的需要量逐年增加 1. Introduction Energy is the most important factor for human social activities. It is limited by the laws of thermodynamics and therefore can not be effectively replaced. The energy consumption of our country (Japan - the same below) sharply increases with the growth of the gross national product. Recalling the past, the conversion into oil is shown in Table 1. And in the world, we can see that the demand for energy is increasing year by year