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目的通过对我国西南3省交界处静息鼠疫疫源地连续3年的监测,了解当地鼠疫流行情况并验证鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫菌)内在保存学说的正确性。方法于2013-2015年对曾发生过人间鼠疫疫情的贵州省兴义市、广西壮族自治区西林和隆林县、云南省罗平县开展啮齿动物及指示动物的鼠疫菌病原学及血清学检测,并对其他致病性耶尔森菌开展病原学检测;对与疫区县所属同一省份的非疫区开展动物间其他致病性耶尔森菌的对照检测;对非疫区≤5岁的腹泻儿童开展其他致病性耶尔森菌的病原学调查。结果静息鼠疫疫源地仍存在F1抗体阳性的啮齿动物和指示动物;疫区与非疫区动物均检出小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌(疫区啮齿动物、犬、家猪的分离率分别为0.80%、1.55%和3.59%,非疫区犬和家猪的分离率分别为3.86%和12.71%),在非疫区致病性菌株的分离率更高(疫区犬和家猪的分离率为0.39%和3.19%,非疫区犬和家猪的分离率为1.19%和7.43%);假结核耶尔森菌仅分离自非疫区。此外,在非疫区≤5岁腹泻儿童中致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的感染率达0.64%。结论静息期内在宿主动物中仍存在鼠疫菌的循环,证实了鼠疫菌内在保存学说的正确性。在静息期疫源地内,宿主动物携带致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的能力弱于同省非疫源地的宿主动物,佐证了致病性耶尔森菌的交叉免疫学说。
Objective To monitor the epidemic situation of plague and verify the correctness of the inherent conservation theory of Yersinia pestis (Yersinia pestis) by monitoring the rest of plague origin at the junction of southwestern China and three provinces for three consecutive years. Methods From 2013 to 2015, the etiological and serological tests of rodents and indicator animals of rodents and indicator animals in Xingyi City of Guizhou Province, Xilin and Longlin County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Luoping County of Yunnan Province were conducted. To carry out pathogenicity tests on other pathogenic Yersinia pestis; To carry out the control test on other pathogenic Yersinia pestis in the same epidemic area in the same province as that in the affected area; Children carry out other pathogenic Yersinia pathogenic investigations. Results There were still F1 antibody-positive rodents and indicator animals in the resting plague foci. Yersinia enterocolitica was detected in the infected and non-infected animals (the isolation rates of rodents, dogs and domestic pigs were respectively The rates of isolates were 0.80%, 1.55% and 3.59%, respectively, and the rates of isolates were 3.86% and 12.71%, respectively. The isolation rates of pathogenic strains in non-infected areas were higher Separation rates were 0.39% and 3.19%, respectively. The isolation rates of dogs and domestic pigs in non-infected areas were 1.19% and 7.43%, respectively). Yersinia pestis was only isolated from the non-infected area. In addition, the Yersinia enterocolitica infection rate was 0.64% among children with diarrhea in the non-infected area ≤ 5 years old. Conclusion The cycle of Yersinia pestis still exists in the host animals during the rest period, which confirms the correctness of the intrinsic preservation theory of Y. pestis. In quiescent foci of host animals, Yersinia enterocolitica is less able to carry pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica than host animals in fellow foci of the same province, confirming the cross-immunology of pathogenic Yersinia.