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企业要真正实现“按项目管理”,也就是将“项目管理”的方法应用于整个业务体系,业务的管理程序必然随之发生显著的变化。为此,企业首先要考虑组织结构的设计问题,它对于项目的成败有着重要的影响。 目前,大多数IT企业采用的组织结构是传统的矩阵式组织结构(这种结构的简化模型参见图1)。实际上这种组织形式是在职能型组织结构的基础上,结合了项目型组织的特点,是职能型组织和项目型组织结构的混合体。 在这种组织机构中,虽然每个项目都指派有项目经理或项目协调人员,但相对于项目横跨部门以及组织界限的特性来讲,项目管理人员的权力是
Enterprises to truly “project management”, that is, the “project management” approach applied to the entire business system, the business management process is bound to significant changes. To this end, enterprises must first consider the design of organizational structure, which has a significant impact on the success of the project. At present, the organizational structure adopted by most IT enterprises is a traditional matrix organizational structure (see Figure 1 for a simplified model of this structure). In fact, this organizational form is based on the functional organizational structure, combining the characteristics of the project-based organization is a mixture of functional organizations and project-based organizational structure. In such an organization, while each project is assigned a project manager or project coordinator, the project manager's authority over the project's cross-functional and organizational boundaries is