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为合理评价水源涵养林垂直结构改变对其水文功能的影响,在对宁夏六盘山香水河小流域内4种典型结构林分(华北落叶松+灌木复层林、华北落叶松纯林、稀植乔木的天然灌丛林、天然灌丛林)林冠层、枯落物层、土壤层的结构指标和功能指标测定的基础上,采用层次分析法建立了林分生态水文功能的层次结构模型,并用综合评分法对4种典型林分进行了评价。结果表明:林冠层生态水文功能以华北落叶松人工纯林最优,枯落物层以华北落叶松+灌木复层林最优,土壤层以稀植乔木的天然灌丛林最优。不同林分生态水文功能整体表现为华北落叶松+灌木复层林(0.902)>稀植乔木的天然灌丛林(0.893)>华北落叶松人工纯林(0.782)>天然灌丛(0.708),说明复层林的综合生态水文功能要好于单层林,表明在六盘山营林区对华北落叶松人工纯林进行林下补植灌木和对退化的天然灌丛稀植乔木等措施有助于林分生态水文功能的发挥。
In order to reasonably evaluate the effect of vertical structure change of water conservation forest on its hydrological function, four typical forest stands (Larix principis-rupprechti and shrub-clad forest, pure Larix principis-rupprechtii, Based on the determination of structure index and functional index of forest canopy layer, litter layer and soil layer, the hierarchical structure model of ecological and hydrological functions of forest was established by using AHP, Four typical stands were evaluated. The results showed that the ecological and hydrological functions of forest canopy were the best in Larix principis-rupprechtii and the litter layer was the best in Larix principis-rupprechtii and shrubbery. The ecological and hydrological functions of different stands showed as follows: Larix principis-rupprechtii + shrubbery (0.902)> natural shrub (0.893)> Larix principis-rupprechtii (0.782)> native shrub (0.708) The comprehensive ecological and hydrological functions of shelterbelts were better than that of single-layer shelterbelts, which indicated that measures such as afforestation shrubs on Larix principis-rupprechtii pure forests and degenerated natural shrub-infested trees on the LiupanShanYing forest area could contribute to forest ecology Hydrological function of play.