Objective: To investigate the distribution characteristics of atypical pathogen infection in Hainan. Methods: A descriptive research was used to collect the data of 800 patients with atypical pathogen infection in Hainan, (including Burkholderia pseudomallei, Aspergillus, Mycobacterium nontuberculosis, Nocardia, Penicillium marneffei, Cryptococcus, Candida albicans, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia). To study the epidemiological characteristics of the above pathogen infection. Results: In the distribution of population infected with atypical pathogens, the female composition ratio of Aspergillus, Nocardia and Penicillium marneffei was higher than that of male, while the male composition ratio of Burkholderia melioidis, non-tuberculous Mycobacterium, Cryptococcus, Candida albicans, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia was higher than that of female. In terms of age, melioidosis, Aspergillus, non-tuberculous Mycobacterium, Penicillium Marneffei and Rickettsia were the highest in the middle-aged group, the highest in the young group infected with Cryptococcus, the highest in the elderly group infected with Candida albicans, and the highest in the children infected with Mycoplasma. Children and farmers were more common, accounting for 35％ and 29.25％ respectively. Coastal area is the highest incidence area, as high as 89％; The onset time was mostly concentrated in the third quarter, accounting for the largest proportion. According to the statistics of the sources of samples that could be isolated, sputum culture was the most common. Hypertension was the most common complication of underlying diseases, and more than 55％ of patients had fever before or on admission. Conclusion: Atypical pathogens in hainan area differences in the population distribution, the pathogen infection all have good sex and age, occupational distribution occurs in children and farmers, coastal areas and in the third quarter for the high incidence area and season, in addition, the atypical pathogen infection, often accompanied by fever and hypertension patients with suspected atypical pathogen infection, clinical to improve the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases, we should actively search for pathogens from multiple specimen sources.