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目的 评估乙肝疫苗在海南省推广应用 10年的效果 ,为制定乙肝控制策略提供科学依据。 方法 按随机原则根据海南省不同经济状况分层抽取 5个市县 ,各市县根据不同经济水平抽取 3个点 ,每个点按年龄组对 1～ 10岁儿童各调查 3 0 -5 0名 ;按调查表内容调查儿童乙肝疫苗接种史和表面抗原携带率 (HBsAg) ,并与 1992年全国肝炎流调资料进行比较分析。 结果 调查了 1～ 10岁儿童 15 5 2名 ,乙肝接种率为 5 4 2 % ,HBsAg平均携带率为 6 44 %。在 1992年全国肝炎流调的同一地区 10岁以下儿童中 ,乙肝疫苗接种率由 0提高到 92 .3 % ,HBsAg携带率由乙肝疫苗推广应用前的 16.2 %降到了 2 11% ;不同经济水平地区乙肝疫苗接种率和HBsAg携带率不同。 结论 推广新生儿乙肝疫苗接种是降低人群乙肝感染率的极其有效的措施 ,经济条件是影响海南乙肝疫苗接种率和HBsAg携带率的主要因素。建议提高新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率和及时率 ,确保安全注射是实现乙肝控制目标的重要策略。
Objective To evaluate the effect of hepatitis B vaccine in promoting and applying 10 years in Hainan Province and provide a scientific basis for formulating hepatitis B control strategy. Methods According to the principle of randomness, five cities and counties were selected according to the different economic conditions in Hainan Province. All cities and counties took 3 points according to different economic levels, and each point investigated 30-500 children from 1 to 10 years old in each age group. According to the contents of the questionnaire survey of children with hepatitis B vaccination history and surface antigen carrier rate (HBsAg), and with the 1992 national hepatitis flow control data were analyzed. Results A total of 152 children aged 1 to 10 years were investigated. The rate of hepatitis B vaccination was 52.4% and the average rate of HBsAg carrier was 6.44%. Hepatitis B vaccination rate increased from 0 to 92.3% in 1992 in the same area where hepatitis was abated in the same area in China. The carrying rate of HBsAg was reduced from 16.2% to 21.11% before the hepatitis B vaccine was promoted and applied. Different economic levels Regional hepatitis B vaccination rates and HBsAg carrier rates are different. Conclusion The promotion of neonatal hepatitis B vaccination is an extremely effective measure to reduce the rate of hepatitis B infection in the population. The economic conditions are the main factors that affect the hepatitis B vaccination rate and the carrier rate of HBsAg in Hainan Province. Propose to improve neonatal hepatitis B vaccination rate and timely rate, to ensure safe injection is an important strategy to achieve the goal of hepatitis B control.