挤进效应最早是由加拿大经济学家迈克尔·帕金在其所著的《经济学》一书中提出来的。所谓挤进效应是指政府实施扩张性财政政策时,拉动民间消费和投资的增加,从而带动产出总量或就业总量增加。而挤出效应则是指政府扩张性财政政策可能会抬升市场利率和形成与民间经济资金竞争, Crowding-in effect was first put forward by Canadian economist Michael Parkin in his book Economics. The so-called crowding-in effect means that when the government implements the expansionary fiscal policy, it stimulates the increase of private consumption and investment, thus boosting the total output or the total employment. The crowding-out effect means that the government’s expansionary fiscal policy may raise the market interest rate and form a competition with the private economy.