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目的探讨煤矿井下工人颅脑创伤流行病学特点。方法回顾性总结2293例煤矿井下创伤资料,记录、分析颅脑创伤的发生例数、死亡例数,伤员的年龄、工龄、工种,受伤时间、机制、严重程度。结果颅脑创伤占全部煤矿井下创伤的14.0%,死亡例数占全部死亡的42.3%。31～40岁人群颅脑创伤所占比例最高,为48.8%;半数以上发生在工龄≤5年的人群;在不同工种中采煤工发生比例最高,占39.8%;近半数发生在早班(6:00-14:00);受伤机制中以摔伤最为多见,占42.2%。按照GCS评分划分,轻、中、重型颅脑损伤的构成比分别为58.9%、3.6%和37.5%。本组颅脑损伤的死亡率为31.7%。重型颅脑损伤(GCS3～8分),年龄>40岁,早班发生和砸伤造成的颅脑创伤在各自的分组中死亡率最高,差异均有统计学意义;不同工龄、工种分组中死亡率差异无统计学意义。结论煤矿井下颅脑创伤好发于工龄≤5年的人群,多为采煤工,发生时间多在早班(6:00-14:00),摔伤为最多见的致伤原因,重型颅脑损伤所占比例较大,死亡率较高,砸伤为造成死亡最多的致伤原因。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of traumatic brain injury in coal miners. Methods A total of 2293 cases of coal mine trauma were retrospectively reviewed. The number of cases of traumatic brain injury, the number of deaths, the age, length of service, type of work, time of injury, mechanism and severity of traumatic brain injury were recorded and analyzed. Results Traumatic brain injury accounted for 14.0% of the total coal mine wounds, the death cases accounted for 42.3% of all deaths. The proportion of craniocerebral trauma in the population aged 31- 40 was the highest (48.8%); more than half of them were in the group of workers whose length of service was less than 5 years; the highest percentage of coal miners was found in different types of work, accounting for 39.8%; nearly half occurred in early morning shift 6: 00-14: 00). Injuries were the most common among injuries, accounting for 42.2%. According to the GCS score, the proportions of mild, moderate and severe craniocerebral injury were 58.9%, 3.6% and 37.5% respectively. The group of craniocerebral injury mortality rate was 31.7%. Severe craniocerebral injury (GCS 3-8), age> 40 years, early craniocerebral trauma and trauma caused by the highest mortality in the respective group, the differences were statistically significant; different age, type of work in the death of the group No significant difference in rates. CONCLUSIONS: The traumatic brain injury in coal mines occurs in people who are 5 years or less of working age, most of whom are coal-mining workers. The occurrence time is mostly in the morning shift (6: 00-14: 00), with falls being the most common cause of injury. A larger proportion of brain damage, higher mortality, injury caused by injury is the largest cause of death.