To provide accurate base data about the genetic resources of Yellow River carps,the genetic diversity in artificially bred population and wild population of Yellow River carps from Henan Province was analyzed with microsatellite markers. The results showed that 16 alleles were detected at six microsatellite loci in each population. The average effective number of alleles( Ne) was 2. 350 in artificially bred population and 2. 085 in wild population. The observed heterozygosity( Ho) of artificially bred population,wild population and mixed population was 0. 614,0. 576 and 0. 601; and the unbiased expected heterozygosity( He) was 0. 569,0. 535 and 0. 559; and the polymorphism information content( PIC) was 0. 474,0. 428 and 0. 468,respectively. The PIC of the six loci ranged from 0. 304 to 0. 864. The analysis of the genetic differentiation for the six microsatellite loci in the two populations showed that the genetic differentiation coefficient( Fst) at only one microsatellite locus HLJ483 was greater than 0. 05,and that at five microsatellite loci were less than 0. 05,which was consistent with the standard of nongenetic differentiation between populations( Fst= 0-0. 05). The average Fstat the six loci was 0. 02,and the gene flow value( Nm) at all loci was greater than1 and the average of Nm was 12. 202. The results indicate that there is relatively abundant genetic diversity in Yellow River carps. To provide accurate base data about the genetic resources of Yellow River carps, the genetic diversity in artificially bred population and wild population of Yellow River carps from Henan Province was analyzed with microsatellite markers. The results showed that 16 alleles were detected at six microsatellite loci in each population. The average effective number of alleles (Ne) was 2. 350 in artificially bred population and 2. 085 in wild population. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) of artificially bred population, wild population and mixed population was 0. 614,0 . 576 and 0. 601; and the unbiased expected heterozygosity (He) was 0. 569,0. 535 and 0.559; and the polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0. 474,0. 428 and 0. 468, respectively . The PIC of the six loci ranged from 0. 304 to 0. 864. The analysis of the genetic differentiation for the six microsatellite loci in the two populations showed that the genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) at only one microsatellite locus HLJ48 3 was greater than 0.05, and that at five microsatellite loci were less than 0.05, which was consistent with the standard of nongenetic differentiation between populations (Fst = 0-0. 05). The average Fstat the six loci was 0 02, and the gene flow value (Nm) at all loci was greater than1 and the average of Nm was 12. 202. The results indicating that there is relatively abundant genetic diversity in Yellow River carps.