本文以若干汉语常用词为例,剖析其词义的引申关系,并与其相对应的英语词语或日语词语略做比较,阐述词义的引申除了遵循语言发展的自身规律之外,还受到该民族的经济生活、思想意识、思维习惯、认知方式和文化传统等诸因素的影响与制约,而这种词义引申的轨迹和结果在某种程度上可谓是该民族历史文化的反映或缩影。 Taking a few Chinese common words as an example, this paper analyzes the extended relationship of the meaning of the words and compares them with the corresponding English words or Japanese words. The extension of the meaning of a word, apart from following the self-regulation of language development, Life, ideology, thinking habits, cognitive styles and cultural traditions and other factors that influence and restrict the trajectory and result of such extended meaning to some extent can be described as a reflection or miniature of the history and culture of the nation.