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1862年俄国第一次设置了四个军区:维尔诺、华沙、基辅和敖德萨军区。第一次世界大战前夕,俄国领土划分为12个军区。十月革命后,原有的军区及其指挥机构被废除了。为了保卫苏维埃国家需要建立一支新型革命军队和新的军区组织系统。1918年3月,最高苏维埃向列宁呈报了关于划分俄国欧洲部分军区计划,并得到批准,尔后第一个苏维埃军区——彼得格勒军区诞生了。
For the first time in 1862 Russia set up four military regions: Verna, Warsaw, Kyiv and Odessa. On the eve of the First World War, Russian territory was divided into 12 military regions. After the October Revolution, the original military region and its command structure were abolished. In order to defend the Soviet state, it is necessary to establish a new type of revolutionary army and a new system of military organizations. In March 1918, the Supreme Soviet presented Lenin with plans to divide Russia's part of the European military and was approved. The military region of Petrograd, the first Soviet military region, was born.